Effect of Chemical Sterilents and Deheading on Various Traits of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes
Increases in sugar (), extractable juice, brix (), sugar yield (t ha-1), and harvest index indicates positive response of the four genotypes of sweet sorghum to chemical sterilents and deheading treatments. Dale genotype responded best based on sugar () and sugar yield when deheaded followed by Keller genotype for the same treatment. The magnitude of increase in brix () of Dale genotype was also the highest among the four genotypes tested, with deheading treatment followed by M8IE. Top76-6 was the most responsive in terms of extractable juice when applied with p-Coumaric acid followed by Dale genotype treated similarly. Excellent performance as indicated by almost triple increase in harvest index was noted for Top76-6 genotype applied with t-Cinnamic acid chemical sterilent. Thus, Dale genotype was the best performer for sugar yield when deheaded and Top76-6 for grain yield when treated with t-Cinnamic acid sterilent.
Results
Plant height. The data in Table 1 show higher plant stature for all treatments and genotypes from year 2008 to 2009, except for the genotype Top 76-6, where increase in plant height was only noted in the t-Cinnamic acid sterilent treatment. Compared with the control, Keller genotype was responsive to sterilent treatments as indicated by increase in plant height for both year 2008 and 2009. For the year 2008, 8.6 increase in height was noted with t-Cinnamic acid treatment and 3.7 for p-Coumaric acid treatment. For year 2009, 3.05 increase in height was noted for t-Coumaric acid treatment and only 0.53 for t-Cinnamic acid treatment. Dale genotype recorded 1.5 increase in plant height when treated with t-Cinnamic acid only in 2008. M8IE genotype showed 1.46 increase in height in 2008 when treated with p-Coumaric acid. Top 76-6 had height increase of 12.5 with t- Cinnamic acid treatment compared with the control during 2009. Not one among the four sorghum genotypes tested responded to deheading in terms of height increase.
Brix (). The data in Table 2 show that Dale genotype responded positively to deheading and sterilent treatment with increase in brix relative to the control. There was 3.19 increase in brix () when deheading was employed, 15.96 increase with p-Coumaric acid treatment and 11.66 increase with t-Cinnamic acid application. Keller genotype was only responsive to deheading as reflected in 3.3 increase of brix () but not with sterilent application. The genotype M8IE gave a positive response to deheading with 4.6 increase in brix () and t-Cinnamic acid sterilant as indicated by 1.7 increase in brix (). Top 76-6 did not respond favorably to deheading in terms of brix () with slight response noted with sterilent treatment being 1.58 increase in brix () for t-Cinnamic acid application and 0.53 increase for p-Coumaric acid treatment.
Extractable juice (). The extractable juice was noticeably lower during the year 2009 compared with the value for year 2008 for all genotypes of sweet sorghum tested using four different treatments as shown by the data in Table 3. However, higher positive response to deheading and chemical sterilents was generally noted in 2009 for all genotypes of sweet sorghum tested, except Keller genotype where better response was shown in 2008 compared with 2009. Dale genotype gave 3.15 increase in extractable juice () when deheaded compared with the control in 2008 which increased to 18.56 in 2009. The same genotype did not respond to p-Coumaric acid application in 2008 but increased its extractable juice () by 31.88 relative to the control in 2009. Application of t-Cinnamic acid to Dale genotype also increased the extractable juice () by 3.90 in 2008 and 10.92 in 2009 compared with the control. For Keller genotype, positive response to both deheading and chemical sterilent treatment was noted. In 2008, there was 12.48, 17.41 and 15.27 increase in extractable juice () relative to the control value with deheading and application of p-Coumaric acid and t-Cinnamic acid respectively. Lower increase in extractable juice () was noted for this genotype in 2009 recording only 2.4 increase for deheading treatment and 0.6 for t-Cinnamic acid treatment. M8IE was the most responsive genotype of sweet sorghum to chemical sterilent and deheading based on increase in extractable juice () for 2008 and 2009. For 2008, there was 1.02, 2.48 and 3.07 increase in extractable juice () for deheaded plants and those treated with p-Coumaric acid and t-Cinnamic acid, respectively. In 2009, the increase in extractable juice () was noticeably high with 11.16 for plants subjected to deheading, 12.21 for those treated with p-Coumaric acid and 28.21 for t-Cinnamic acid treated plants. Top76-6 was only responsive to deheading in 2008, with 5.9 increase in extractable juice (). However, this genotype showed positive response to all treatments in 2009, recording 28.44 increase in extractable juice () when deheaded, 39.50 when given p-Coumaric acid and 8.13 when treated with t-Cinnamic acid.
Sugar yield. The data in Table 4 show positive response of the four genotypes to deheading and chemical sterilents as indicated by the increase in their sugar yield (t ha-1). Dale and Keller genotypes were the most responsive to deheading registering 68.65 and 54.3 increase in sugar yield (t ha-1) in 2008, respectively. Keller genotype also gave a 52.58 increase in sugar yield (t ha-1) with t-Cinnamic acid treatment. Even for year 2009, both genotypes still gave high increase in sugar yield (t ha-1) when deheaded with 39.47 for Dale and 48.94 for Keller. M9IE genotype performed better in 2009 for all treatments, but highest (31.66) increase in sugar yield (t ha-1) was noted for chemical sterilent t-Cinnamic acid treated plants in 2008 and 40 increase in 2009 for p-Coumaric acid treatment. Top 76-6 gave positive response only to deheading (9.01 increase) and p-Coumaric acid treatment (19.12 increase) in 2008. A positive response to deheading (19.05 increase) and chemical sterilent p-Coumaric acid (38.1) and t-Cinnamic acid (16.67) was noted in 2009.
Grain yield. The data in Table 5 give the grain yield (t ha-1) of four sweet sorghum genotypes. Only two genotypes, that is, Dale and Top76-6 showed positive response to chemical sterilents, Relative to the control, Dale gave 25.0 increase in grain yield (t ha-1) with treatment of p-Coumaric acid and 22.826 increase with the treatment of t-Cinnamic acid. On the other hand, Top 76-6 recorded a 7.018 increase in grain yield (t ha-1) in 2008, when treated with p-Coumaric acid and 91.228 when given t-Cinnamic acid. During the year 2009, Top 76-6 did not respond favorably to p-Coumaric acid application but grain yield (t ha-1) more than doubled (174.739) with t-Cinnamic acid treatment.
Harvest index grain (). The data in Table 6 show the harvest index grain () for the year 2008 and 2009. The data reflect similar trend with the grain yield wherein only two genotypes, namely, Dale and Top 76-6 responded favorably to chemical sterilent treatment with highest increase of more than three-fold (227.273) recorded for Top76-6 genotype treated with t-Cinnamic acid sterilent in 2009. This genotype also gave an 82.813 increase in harvest index grain () over control in 2008, when treated with t-Cinnamic acid chemical sterilent. The same genotype did not favorably respond to p-Coumaric acid treatment in 2008 but did in 2009 recording an 18.183 increase in harvest index grain () over control. On the other hand, in 2008, Dale genotype had 43.25 and 20.859 increase in harvest index grain () when given t-Cinnamic acid and p-Coumaric acid, respectively. In 2009, Dale gave 25.00 increase in harvest index grain () over control only when treated with t-Cinnamic acid.
Harvest index sugar (). All genotypes of sweet sorghum increased their sugar content with deheading and chemical sterilent treatment except for Top76-6 where reduced sugar was noted with the application of t-Cinnamic acid. The highest magnitude of increase in all genotypes was noted when deheading was done compared with chemical sterilent treatment. Highest increase 83.53 was noted for deheaded Dale genotype, followed by Keller at 57.759 increase, M8IE with 28.205 and Top76-6 with 26.99 percent. Between the two chemical sterilent, p-Coumaric acid was good for Dale which registered 25.72 increase while t-Cinnamic acid had only 16.087 increase over the control. For Keller and M8IE genotypes, t-Cinnamic acid was better in increasing sugar content compared with p-Coumaric sterilent. Keller registered 32.759 increase in sugar while M8IE had 18.803 increase.
Leaf temperature(0C). The leaf temperature in 0C of four sweet sorghum genotypes subjected to deheading and chemical sterilent generally increased from 2006 to 2009 data as shown in Table 8. Increases in leaf temperature over control was also noted in all genotypes except for Dale genotype given p-Coumaric acid in 2008 and M81E deheaded and treated with p-Coumaric acid where the leaf temperatures were lower than that of the control. Judging from the increase in leaf temperature relative to the control for both years 2008 and 2009, genotypes Keller and Top 76-6 responded very well to the treatments. For Keller genotype, the increase in leaf temperature in 2008 was 8.898, 3.069 and 1.603 , respective of p-Coumaric acid, deheading and t-Cinnamic acid treatments. In 2009, the leaf temperature increased by 15.038, 10.526, and 9.023 over the control when treated with t-Cinnamic acid, p-Coumaric acid and deheaded, respectively. Top-76-6, on the other hand registered increases in leaf temperature by 10.625, 9.195, and 8.50, when treated with t-Cinnamic acid, p-Coumaric acid, and deheaded, respectively. A year after, that is, in 2009, the increases in temperature compared with the control were 9.118 for t-Cinnamic acid treatment, 6.55 for deheading and 3.059 for p-Coumaric acid treatment. For Dale genotype, significant increases in leaf temperature over that of the control was noted in 2008 with deheading, t-Cinnamic acid and p-Coumaric acid treatments registering 12.165, 8.74 and 5361, respectively. In contrast, M8IE, showed definite increases in leaf temperature over the control only in 2009 with values of 12.546, 8.856 and 2.166, respective of t-Cinnamic acid, p-Coumaric acid treatments and deheading.
Results
Plant height. The data in Table 1 show higher plant stature for all treatments and genotypes from year 2008 to 2009, except for the genotype Top 76-6, where increase in plant height was only noted in the t-Cinnamic acid sterilent treatment. Compared with the control, Keller genotype was responsive to sterilent treatments as indicated by increase in plant height for both year 2008 and 2009. For the year 2008, 8.6 increase in height was noted with t-Cinnamic acid treatment and 3.7 for p-Coumaric acid treatment. For year 2009, 3.05 increase in height was noted for t-Coumaric acid treatment and only 0.53 for t-Cinnamic acid treatment. Dale genotype recorded 1.5 increase in plant height when treated with t-Cinnamic acid only in 2008. M8IE genotype showed 1.46 increase in height in 2008 when treated with p-Coumaric acid. Top 76-6 had height increase of 12.5 with t- Cinnamic acid treatment compared with the control during 2009. Not one among the four sorghum genotypes tested responded to deheading in terms of height increase.
Brix (). The data in Table 2 show that Dale genotype responded positively to deheading and sterilent treatment with increase in brix relative to the control. There was 3.19 increase in brix () when deheading was employed, 15.96 increase with p-Coumaric acid treatment and 11.66 increase with t-Cinnamic acid application. Keller genotype was only responsive to deheading as reflected in 3.3 increase of brix () but not with sterilent application. The genotype M8IE gave a positive response to deheading with 4.6 increase in brix () and t-Cinnamic acid sterilant as indicated by 1.7 increase in brix (). Top 76-6 did not respond favorably to deheading in terms of brix () with slight response noted with sterilent treatment being 1.58 increase in brix () for t-Cinnamic acid application and 0.53 increase for p-Coumaric acid treatment.
Extractable juice (). The extractable juice was noticeably lower during the year 2009 compared with the value for year 2008 for all genotypes of sweet sorghum tested using four different treatments as shown by the data in Table 3. However, higher positive response to deheading and chemical sterilents was generally noted in 2009 for all genotypes of sweet sorghum tested, except Keller genotype where better response was shown in 2008 compared with 2009. Dale genotype gave 3.15 increase in extractable juice () when deheaded compared with the control in 2008 which increased to 18.56 in 2009. The same genotype did not respond to p-Coumaric acid application in 2008 but increased its extractable juice () by 31.88 relative to the control in 2009. Application of t-Cinnamic acid to Dale genotype also increased the extractable juice () by 3.90 in 2008 and 10.92 in 2009 compared with the control. For Keller genotype, positive response to both deheading and chemical sterilent treatment was noted. In 2008, there was 12.48, 17.41 and 15.27 increase in extractable juice () relative to the control value with deheading and application of p-Coumaric acid and t-Cinnamic acid respectively. Lower increase in extractable juice () was noted for this genotype in 2009 recording only 2.4 increase for deheading treatment and 0.6 for t-Cinnamic acid treatment. M8IE was the most responsive genotype of sweet sorghum to chemical sterilent and deheading based on increase in extractable juice () for 2008 and 2009. For 2008, there was 1.02, 2.48 and 3.07 increase in extractable juice () for deheaded plants and those treated with p-Coumaric acid and t-Cinnamic acid, respectively. In 2009, the increase in extractable juice () was noticeably high with 11.16 for plants subjected to deheading, 12.21 for those treated with p-Coumaric acid and 28.21 for t-Cinnamic acid treated plants. Top76-6 was only responsive to deheading in 2008, with 5.9 increase in extractable juice (). However, this genotype showed positive response to all treatments in 2009, recording 28.44 increase in extractable juice () when deheaded, 39.50 when given p-Coumaric acid and 8.13 when treated with t-Cinnamic acid.
Sugar yield. The data in Table 4 show positive response of the four genotypes to deheading and chemical sterilents as indicated by the increase in their sugar yield (t ha-1). Dale and Keller genotypes were the most responsive to deheading registering 68.65 and 54.3 increase in sugar yield (t ha-1) in 2008, respectively. Keller genotype also gave a 52.58 increase in sugar yield (t ha-1) with t-Cinnamic acid treatment. Even for year 2009, both genotypes still gave high increase in sugar yield (t ha-1) when deheaded with 39.47 for Dale and 48.94 for Keller. M9IE genotype performed better in 2009 for all treatments, but highest (31.66) increase in sugar yield (t ha-1) was noted for chemical sterilent t-Cinnamic acid treated plants in 2008 and 40 increase in 2009 for p-Coumaric acid treatment. Top 76-6 gave positive response only to deheading (9.01 increase) and p-Coumaric acid treatment (19.12 increase) in 2008. A positive response to deheading (19.05 increase) and chemical sterilent p-Coumaric acid (38.1) and t-Cinnamic acid (16.67) was noted in 2009.
Grain yield. The data in Table 5 give the grain yield (t ha-1) of four sweet sorghum genotypes. Only two genotypes, that is, Dale and Top76-6 showed positive response to chemical sterilents, Relative to the control, Dale gave 25.0 increase in grain yield (t ha-1) with treatment of p-Coumaric acid and 22.826 increase with the treatment of t-Cinnamic acid. On the other hand, Top 76-6 recorded a 7.018 increase in grain yield (t ha-1) in 2008, when treated with p-Coumaric acid and 91.228 when given t-Cinnamic acid. During the year 2009, Top 76-6 did not respond favorably to p-Coumaric acid application but grain yield (t ha-1) more than doubled (174.739) with t-Cinnamic acid treatment.
Harvest index grain (). The data in Table 6 show the harvest index grain () for the year 2008 and 2009. The data reflect similar trend with the grain yield wherein only two genotypes, namely, Dale and Top 76-6 responded favorably to chemical sterilent treatment with highest increase of more than three-fold (227.273) recorded for Top76-6 genotype treated with t-Cinnamic acid sterilent in 2009. This genotype also gave an 82.813 increase in harvest index grain () over control in 2008, when treated with t-Cinnamic acid chemical sterilent. The same genotype did not favorably respond to p-Coumaric acid treatment in 2008 but did in 2009 recording an 18.183 increase in harvest index grain () over control. On the other hand, in 2008, Dale genotype had 43.25 and 20.859 increase in harvest index grain () when given t-Cinnamic acid and p-Coumaric acid, respectively. In 2009, Dale gave 25.00 increase in harvest index grain () over control only when treated with t-Cinnamic acid.
Harvest index sugar (). All genotypes of sweet sorghum increased their sugar content with deheading and chemical sterilent treatment except for Top76-6 where reduced sugar was noted with the application of t-Cinnamic acid. The highest magnitude of increase in all genotypes was noted when deheading was done compared with chemical sterilent treatment. Highest increase 83.53 was noted for deheaded Dale genotype, followed by Keller at 57.759 increase, M8IE with 28.205 and Top76-6 with 26.99 percent. Between the two chemical sterilent, p-Coumaric acid was good for Dale which registered 25.72 increase while t-Cinnamic acid had only 16.087 increase over the control. For Keller and M8IE genotypes, t-Cinnamic acid was better in increasing sugar content compared with p-Coumaric sterilent. Keller registered 32.759 increase in sugar while M8IE had 18.803 increase.
Leaf temperature(0C). The leaf temperature in 0C of four sweet sorghum genotypes subjected to deheading and chemical sterilent generally increased from 2006 to 2009 data as shown in Table 8. Increases in leaf temperature over control was also noted in all genotypes except for Dale genotype given p-Coumaric acid in 2008 and M81E deheaded and treated with p-Coumaric acid where the leaf temperatures were lower than that of the control. Judging from the increase in leaf temperature relative to the control for both years 2008 and 2009, genotypes Keller and Top 76-6 responded very well to the treatments. For Keller genotype, the increase in leaf temperature in 2008 was 8.898, 3.069 and 1.603 , respective of p-Coumaric acid, deheading and t-Cinnamic acid treatments. In 2009, the leaf temperature increased by 15.038, 10.526, and 9.023 over the control when treated with t-Cinnamic acid, p-Coumaric acid and deheaded, respectively. Top-76-6, on the other hand registered increases in leaf temperature by 10.625, 9.195, and 8.50, when treated with t-Cinnamic acid, p-Coumaric acid, and deheaded, respectively. A year after, that is, in 2009, the increases in temperature compared with the control were 9.118 for t-Cinnamic acid treatment, 6.55 for deheading and 3.059 for p-Coumaric acid treatment. For Dale genotype, significant increases in leaf temperature over that of the control was noted in 2008 with deheading, t-Cinnamic acid and p-Coumaric acid treatments registering 12.165, 8.74 and 5361, respectively. In contrast, M8IE, showed definite increases in leaf temperature over the control only in 2009 with values of 12.546, 8.856 and 2.166, respective of t-Cinnamic acid, p-Coumaric acid treatments and deheading.
Categories:
0 comments:
Post a Comment